the second principle is one that was articulated first by president obama when he visited ghana in 2009. he stated that in the long run, it is africans who are best able and as capable of addressing paprikas challenges. that often gets convinced index shorthand of african solutions to african problems, but it is an important principle. secretary clinton expanded on president obama's views and said yes, african solutions for african problems, but increasingly, global problems require african solutions as well. i think what secretary clinton was getting at is that africa is no longer isolated. africa is part of a broader, global community, and the african countries have a role to play and have contributions to make. so those principles are quite important for us as we think about what is that we are supposed to do on behalf of our country. we are guided also by to overarching documents, united states government documents that help shape our activities. the first is the presidential policy directive on sub-saharan africa. it outlines the u.s. government of the policy and strategy toward af